Axes: 2 Analog (X, Y) + 1 Digital (Z-axis button).
Potentiometers: Two 10kΩ potentiometers for X and Y.
Voltage: 3.3V to 5V operating voltage.
Output (Analog): Variable voltage, usually 2.5V center, 0V min, 5V max.
Output (Digital): A push-button switch activated by pressing the stick down.
Interface: Standard 5-pin header (VCC, GND, VRx, VRy, SW).
Self-Centering: Spring-loaded to return to the center position.
Key Features & Considerations
Compatibility: Works with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, and other microcontrollers.
Function: Translates stick movement into analog signals (voltage) and a digital button press for control.
Performance Issues: Some budget modules (like certain Wishiot models) may have large dead zones, non-linear X/Y readings, or faulty digital switch wiring, requiring user modification for precision.
Applications: Robotics, game controllers, remote controls, interactive projects.